Study
Ordinal items: factor analysis, item response theory and latent class compared
Three ways to test invariance on the same data, and where they disagree.
Put factor analytic, IRT and latent class tests of measurement equivalence on identical ordinal items and compared what each concluded. They do not always agree, and the paper says when the choice of method changes the answer.
Part of Measurement comparability
Related studies
Collecting data2026
Does an objective AI literacy measure travel across languages?
Multi-group invariance of an objective AI literacy test across languages and countries.
Under review2026
My child is best: how parents' affection distorts assessment scales
Parents rate their own children generously, and it bends the scale rather than just shifting it.
Published2025
The neutral midpoint in rating scales
What the middle option on a rating scale actually captures, and what offering it does to the data.
Published as
- 2011Measurement equivalence of ordinal items: a comparison of factor analytic, item response theory, and latent class approachesSociological Methods and ResearchArticle